![]() Conversely, high values may be indicative of high protein or ketoacid concentration in the urine. Low specific gravity may indicate impaired ability to concentrate urine due to health conditions such as diabetes insipidus, sickle cells nephropathy, or acute tubular necrosis. The normal values range between 1.005-1.025. The specific gravity represents the kidneys' ability to concentrate the urine by comparing the amount of urinary solutes concerning pure water. ‘Smart’ diaper could provide painless and quick bedside urinalyses.Phase I trial investigates using antiparasitic nitazoxanide for treatment of COVID-19.Urinary proteomic COV50 marker accurately predicts adverse COVID-19 outcomes.The urinary pH is a useful indicator for renal conditions such as infections, stones or renal tubular acidosis and can also help monitor the response to medical treatment. Therefore, the urine's acidity will change according to the environment in the body and adjust to keep the rest of the body in balance.Ĭonsumption of some foods (e.g., cranberries) can lead to more acidic urine, whereas other foods (e.g., citrus fruits) will reduce the acidity in the urine. ![]() The pH of the urine typically ranges from 4.5–8, which is slightly acidic due to the excretion of H+ ions via the renal system to maintain regular acid-base balance. However, other factors can also be influenced, such as vaginal discharge, sperm or prostatic secretions. It is normally described as clear, cloudy, or turbid.Ĭloudy or turbid urine may indicate health conditions such as chyluria, pyuria, or phosphate crystals. ![]() The clarity of the urine if affected by substances in the urine, such as cellular debris, casts, crystals, bacteria or proteins. Image Credit: Lothar Drechsel / Shutterstock Clarity/Turbidity
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